The Prison System Should Be Abolished - 1237 Words

Like Angela Davis, I believe that the prison system needs to be abolished. The prison system which is a significant part of punishment is incompetent and deeply flawed in the United States. Prison system reform needs immediate attention while abolition permanently will require time. Nietzsche’s theory of punishment explains how punishment come about in society and Davis’s critique of the prison system helps back my argument that the prison system needs to be abolished. Traditionally, there have been four justifications for punishment: deterrence, confinement, rehabilitation and retribution. While these methods can be flawed at some point in history they served as primary reasons for the justification of punishment. Recently, there has been an epistemic shift in thinking about punishment where now it is focused on retribution and incarceration. The emphasis on this method has lead to an increase in incarceration and the rise of a prison system. While we acknowledge that there will always be a need for society to punish criminals in order to protect the rights of individuals, however a prison/prison system is not the correct way to handle such problems. Currently the prison system is being used an economic tool for private companies to exploit cheap labor from inmates. Known as the prison-industrial complex private enterprises are now able to build more prisons to â€Å"benefit† society and themselves as the prison population grows. Since the 1980’s the growth in prisonShow MoreRelatedDeath Penalty Should Not Be Abolished in China751 Words   |  4 Pagesshouldn’t be abolished in China Death penalty is one of the oldest punishments in the world, it means end of criminal’s life by law. Nowadays, the issue of whether the death penalty should be abolished in China is still a controversial topic. Many people think death penalty is a bad way to punishment criminals because this method violates humanitarianism and it’s also a bit cruel. Besides, two of third countries in the world have abolished it. So many people say our country should do the sameRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?. The Death Penalty982 Words   |  4 PagesShould the death penalty be abolished? The death penalty is a â€Å"term that applies to capital punishment and is the worst penalty given for committing a murder or an atrocious assault.† (Black s Law Dictionary). Death penalty has been a part of human society and is legally approved for centuries. The first established death penalty laws date as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C. in the Code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which codified the death penalty for 25 different crimes. Death sentencesRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1359 Words   |  6 PagesShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished? The death penalty has been around for many years. It has contributed to the ongoing problems of overcrowding and the rate of murder. Furthermore, the death penalty serves as a deterrent to criminals all around the world. Although some citizens believe that the death penalty should be abolished, it lessens the problem of over population, puts our tax money to a good use, and intimidates people from committing violent crimes to other people. The first reasonRead More Death Penalty Essay664 Words   |  3 Pagesof the major aspects of this debate is whether or not we should continue to use this form of punishment for criminals. In my opinion, the death penalty should be abolished because it costs taxpayers much more than sending an inmate to prison and there is no factual evidence that it has any greater deterrent effect than life imprisonment. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One major reason that I believe that the death penalty should be abolished is because the expenses of the death penalty greatly exceedRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Not Be Abolished1541 Words   |  7 Pagescrime, like murder or rape, they were executed to maintain peace in the community and to bring comfort to those who knew the victim. Capital punishment has been used in almost every part of the world, but in the last few decades many countries have abolished it. The issue of capital punishment has been a sensitive topic for nations attempting a careful balancing act between prisoner’s rights and legal defense teams and society’s laws on cases of extreme gravity. Some religions forbid the death penaltyRead MoreEssay on Preserve or Outlaw?1731 Words   |  7 Pages(Death Penalty Information Center, â€Å"States With and Without the Death Penalty†). This shows the indecisiveness among the states on whether or not capital punishment should be allowed or outlawed. Capital punishment should be outlawed due to the fact that it does not diminish crime rates; it is more costly than keeping criminals in prison for life, and most criminals on death row do not receive proper representation in order to justify their innocence. Since the ratification of capital punishmentRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Capital Punishment1689 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract Capital punishment is the execution of criminals for the crimes they committed. This paper explores three reasons as to why capital punishment is wrong and should be abolished. One downfall to capital punishment includes the risk of taking an innocent life such as Cameron Todd Willingham who was wrongfully convicted in 1992 and executed in 2004. There is also a risk of having a botched execution. A mistake might be made during the procedure, making it long and painful for the prisonersRead MoreBanning the Death Penalty1620 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Should the death penalty be banned internationally as a type of punishment? This form of punishment has been quite a controversial issue worldwide for quite a few years. The death penalty for hundreds of thousands of years has been a punishment for criminals throughout the world; in the past ranging from what we would now consider small crimes to huge ones, to the present where most if not all those punished with death penalty are for fairly large crimes. Actual laws involving deathRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And The Juvenile Justice System950 Words   |  4 Pages Since 1899 when the juvenile justice system was first created it has undergone quite a series of changes relative to how they go about the overall handling of juvenile offenders in the criminal justice system. In most states the only way for juveniles to be tried as adults is if they are over the age of 16 or if they have committed a violent crime such as rape or assault but recently many juveniles are being tried as adults for even far lesser crimes. It also has been well documented for a numberRead MoreEssay Parole Should Be Abolished1714 Words   |  7 PagesParole Should Be Abolished The procedure known as â€Å"parole† in the criminal justice system has been in practice in the United States since the late 1800’s when it was begun in a reformatory in Elmira, New York. It’s process provides for early conditional release from prison for convicted felons, after part of their prison sentence has been served, and they are found to be eligible for parole based on factors such as: conduct while incarcerated, rehabilitative efforts/progress, type of offense

What Was The Most Import Thing - 769 Words

What was the most import thing in the reading? â€Å"Most: Principles are not in and of themselves a model or method of instruction, but rather relationships that may underlie any model or method. These principles can be implemented in a variety of ways by different models and methods of instruction. However, the effectiveness, efficiency, and engagement of a particular model or method of instruction is a function of the degree to which these principles are implemented.† There are multiple ways to provide instructions to student, and there are multiple methods for students to show what they have been taught or learned. In order for this to be successful you have to be purposeful, good, and engaging with whatever method or model that you use. A part of any instructional design is to ensure that you include a principle which truly should be the core of what you are wanting to communicate or teach. What was something you agree with in the reading? â€Å"Agree: A fact is an association between a date and event, or a name and part.† This statement really makes me stop and pause for a moment. It is truly interesting how people do not understand the difference between facts and opinions. The more I read now, I try to look at both sides of a story. This is why critical thinking is so important and not to just allow someone to tell you something and you not understand that it is something factual. By it being factual then I should be able to relate it to something thatShow MoreRelatedWhat Was The Most Import Thing On The Reading?956 Words   |  4 PagesMANIC Discussions What was the Most import thing in the reading? â€Å"Most: (Schloss, P. J;, Cragg, K. 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The Heckscher-Ohlin Model is an economic theory that states that countries export what they can most easily and abundantly produce. This model says comparative advance is based on resource abundancies. If a good takes a lot of capital to produce and a country hasRead MoreTraveler Import Cars, Inc, Small Foreign Car Dealership Owned By The Travelers Family1463 Words   |  6 PagesISSUES: Traveler Import Cars, INC is small foreign car dealership owned by the Travelers family during the 1979. Randy and his wife Beryl decided to open their own business and use their experience they had gained to improve and expand it, Randy made himself president of the company and his wife Beryl as executive vice president. The case had many issues and the main idea of it was the effectiveness of managing, hiring, and lack of Human Resources management, which lead to many issues. Randy andRead MoreUS Macroeconomics: A Speech1093 Words   |  4 Pagespublic through the journalists represented in this room. What happens when there is a surplus of imports into the U.S.? This is the question of the moment. The problems that can occur when there is a surplus of imports into the United States are very serious for our workforce and businesses. Looking at the American auto parts industry, we can see a very negative trend with reference to Chinas imports of auto parts. The first thing to consider was the fact that Chinas export of auto parts jumped byRead MoreThe Real Causes of the Depression1020 Words   |  5 Pagesthis is bad and the economy is slowly going downhill, but most people forget to think that these things are normal and is nothing worse than the Depression of the 1930s. Although some people say that the Depression was caused by the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act, it was strictly due to many reasons that were unrelated to the Act. The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act was signed by President Herbert Hoover on June 17, 1930. It had been proposed in 1929 and was passed in June of 1930 by Congress (Burg 63). Two men byRead MoreWhat Is Gross Domestic Product?1270 Words   |  6 Pages What is Gross Domestic Product? Jordan Power ECO2013 Mark Thompson February 1, 2016  What is Gross Domestic Product? Gross Domestic Product is the total amount of the government’s activity is regards to the economic spending. This amount is a cumulative of four different parts. The four factors involved in Gross Domestic Product are consumption, investment, government spending, and the amount of exports minus the imports. All of these parts make up what Simon KruznetsRead Morethe leontief paradox1176 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is Leontief Paradox Trade Theory By Deepti Verma W. W. Leontief received a Nobel Prize in Economics 1973 and is famous for his input-output analysis. The US is widely recognised to be a capital-abundant country. Therefore, in terms of H-O theory, it is expected that the US would export capital-intensive goods and import labour-intensive ones. In 1951, Leontief conducted an empirical test of the H-O theory by applying his input- output technique on American trade data of 1947. He estimatedRead MoreThe History Of Singapore Is Rich With Surprising Twists, Bendy Turns And Wondrous Triumphs1679 Words   |  7 Pageschanged to Temasek (â€Å"Sea Town†) then to Singapura and eventually to what it is now known as Singapore. It got the name Singapura from a prince from Palembang who was on a hunting trip when he caught sight of an animal he had never seen before. Taking this as a good sign he founded the city where the animal had been spotted giving it the name â€Å" The Lion City† or Singapura or so the legend says. The city was ruled by 5 kings and was located at the very tip of the Malay Peninsula, which is the natural

Dracula Coursework Free Essays

TRAN5291M Traffic Network Modelling Assignment: [Dracula Coursework] Student ID Number: [200750558] Lecturer: [Dr. Ronghui Liu] Submission Date: [12/03/2013] Semester: [Semester 2] Academic Year: [2012-2013] Words: [1546] Table of Content 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Dracula Coursework or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3 2. Task coding for base scenario†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 Task C (Simulation for proposed bus lane scheme)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 4. Task D (comparison of bus stop and bus lay by)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 5 5. Task E (Proposed Scheme)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 6. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 9 7. Reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 0 1. Introduction Otley is a market town in the outskirts of Leeds having population of 14124(National statistics. 2004). Otley town council wants to patronage public transport service by improving bus services to market and improving local environment by traffic reduction. We as a transport planner have been tasked to measure the effectiveness of inclusion of bus lane on link 24-17 which is a two lane carriage way serving all traffic, also to consider a change of bus layby to a bus stop Figure 1 Otley Network The bus service in on route from zone 105 to 109 with a frequency of one every 10 minutes. Data collected from Dracula after simulation for bus route which have 2 bus stop and one layby holds the base scenario for this report and also to which the proposed scheme is compared. 2. Task coding for base scenario 2. Simulation of the Base Scenario For base scenario, the network is coded with 2 bus stop on link 24-17 and 15-9 and a bus lay by on link 16-15, 5 iteration were done with random NSEED no which are shown in table 1 Day 1| Day 2| Day 3| Day 4| Day 5| NSEED| 12345| 23456| 34567| 45678| 56789| Table 1. Random NSEED NO. Data collected for this simulation in this report included average total journey time for cars and buses over the network for 5 days which was 90. 26 seconds with standard deviation of 2. 26 for cars and 354. 68 seconds with standard deviation of 7. 55 for buses. The total Journey time data was taken from net. REB file Figure 1. Base scenario average journey time for 5 days 3 Task C 3. 1Simulation for proposed bus lane scheme Simulation for proposed bus lane on link 24-17 were carried with same NSEED no as in the base scenario with respective days. Figure 2. Average journey time with bus lane As the graph indicates average total journey time for cars is 89. 62 and for bus is 339. 48 sec ,which has decreased in comparison with the base scenario. When the average journey times for the base scenario is compared with the proposed bus lane scheme as shown in figure 3,it was observed that although the journey time with the inclusion of bus lane have decreased but the deviation from the mean is higher compared to base scenario. As from the figure 3 the maximum deviation for the bus lane scheme not much higher as in the case of base scenario but with a minimum deviation there is a probability that journey time with bus lane scheme can reduce further. Figure 3. comparison of avg. journey times for base scenario and bus lane journey time In case of cars the change in average total journey time does not have a significant impact as the journey time in the base scenario changes form 90. 26 hours to 89. 26 hours and also the error bar in both the cases is vey less. Figure 4. Average journey time for cars The average number of passengers in the bus lane scheme have decreased from 163 passengers to 158 and also the error bar in the bus lane scheme is high compared to base scenario, shown in Table 1 | Bus lane scheme avg| Error bar| Base scenario avg| Error bar| Npsg| 158. 2| 20. 5| 163. 6| 7. 68| Pdelay(m)| 761. 28| 110. 598| 777. 82| 57. 29| Tdwell(s)| 1082| 224. 9| 1100. 6| 98. 36| Table 1:Comparision of base scenario and bus lane scheme for bus The passenger delay and bus dwell time have rather decreased but the error bar in the respective cases for bus lane scheme are high compared to base scenario. Although the journey time, number of passenger, passenger delay and bus dwell time are decreasing in bus lane scheme compared to base scenario but the error bar are comparatively high, hence it is more appropriate to have a reliable system and inclusion of bus lane would not affect the overall current bus service of the otley network significantly, but its inclusion can improve certain parts of the network which are significant in improving public transport service . Task D (comparison of bus stop and bus lay by) Analysing the performance of lay by on link 17- 15 with no bus lane the average total journey time for cars almost remained the same and does not have any significant impact . But in case of bus the total journey time with layby was more when compared with the bus stop scenario, also the error bar in the bus top scenar io was smaller that of a layby scenario, as shown in figure 5 Figure 6. comparison of average journey time for bus layby and bus stop scenario. Comparing the average no of passengers ,passenger delay time and bus dwell time the bus lay by scenario was better than the bus stop scenario as the number of passenger decreased in bus stop scenario with bigger error bar compared to base scenario, passenger delay does not have a significant impact but bus dwell time was smaller than the base scenario but the value for error bar is just double in the bus stop scenario ,as shown in table 7. | Bus stop scenario avg| Error bar| Bus layby scenario avg| Error bar| Npsg| 158. 4| 16. 9| 163. 6| 7. 68| Pdelay(m)| 779. 87| 96. 64| 777. 82| 57. 29| Tdwell(s)| 1080. 4| 183. 63| 1100. 6| 98. 36| Table 2. Comparison of bus stop and bus lay by scenario In case of Queuing delay bus lay bay have larger queuing delay than bus stop queuing delay, as shown in figure 7 Figure 7. comparison of queuing delay for bus layby and bus stop More Queuing delay in bus layby than that in bus stop case is because once bus get off the road to pick passengers, bus ha ve to face congestion because of other cars which are already in the route . Comparing the average speed for bus in both the scenarios buses on link 16 -15 with bus stop have higher average speed than the case of a layby, as shown in figure 8 Figure 8. comparison of average speed for bus Bus also create congestion for other vehicle while they are boarding or deboarding the passengers. Performance flow on link 16 -15 for cars is shown in figure 9 Figure 9. Comparison of performed flow for cars Figure above show that the performance flow for cars was better in case of bus stop than that of a layby. Analysing the simulation for both bus stop and bus lay by the average journey time for bus top was significantly smaller compared to bus lay by on link 16-15,other factors such as average speed ,no of passengers ,passenger delay time and bus dwell time does not have a significant impact . Hence replacing bus layby with a bus stop would be beneficial and would encourage more usage of public transport service. 5. Task E (Proposed Scheme) Improvement of public transport service can be done if passengers already have seasonal tickets, this will reduce the bus dwell time and would also decrease the passenger delay at the bus stop. Proposal is given for a bus lane of length on link 24-17 with a bus stop on link 16 -15 and encouraging 50 percent of the passengers to have seasonal tickets. Frequency of the bus is kept the same as in the case of base scenario Improving infrastructure could be helpful in improving public transport service as on the network there are sharp turns which cause manoeuvring difficulties and causes some of the time delay (e. g. turn from link 24-17 to 17-15) The average journey time for proposed scheme is shown in figure 10 As shown in the above graph the average journey time have decreased considerably after inclusion of seasonal ticket, bus lane and bus stop on link 16 -15. Although the error bar for the proposed scheme is double of the base scenario but the maximum error of the proposed scheme is lesser than the minimum error for the base scenario. In terms of environment the proposed scheme does not have a huge impact on environment, as the co2,NOx and hydrocarbon emission are nearly same in both the cases, as shown in table 3. | Pollutants emission and fuel consumption|   | Base scenario|   | Proposed scheme|   |   | | Avg| Error Bar| Avg| Error Bar|   | Co2 (Kg)| 33. 71| 1. 37| 34. 11| 0. 37|   | Nox(Kg)| 0. 694| 0. 03| 0. 7| 0. 007|   | Hc (Kg)| 2. 28| 0. 09| 2. 318| 0. 02|   | Fuel (L)| 158| 6. 45| 159. 5| 1. 7|   | Table 3. Pollutant emission in base scenario and proposed scheme Comparing the queuing delay for both the scenarios ,queuing delay for bus in proposed scheme was le sser as compared to that of the base scenario. Figure 11. Comparison of queuing delay for proposed scheme and base scenario With inclusion of bus stop and bus lane the average speed for busses increases form 12. 23 kmph to 14. 95 kmph as shown in figure12 When comparing the average no of passengers ,passenger delay at bus stop and bus dwell time we see that the no of passenger at the bus stop have increased and bus dwell time have decreased which is beneficial in improvement of public transport services. 6. Conclusion In the proposed scheme for the otley network in Dracula the inclusion of bus lane on link 24-17 and a bus stop on link 16-15 is beneficial . lso 50 percent of passengers having seasonal ticket is an advantage as it is reducing the bus dwell time and also the bus total journey time. 7. Reference 1. Office for National Statistics. (2004). Neighbourhood statistics. Available: http://www. neighbourhood. statistics. gov. uk/dissemination/viewFullDataset. do;jsessionid=zqGzR8CX0hh2WhLzqnHLh6GKBsqNYD19kNYPFXyCkSQjL4BBM092! 1701030348! 1362936375650? instanceSelection=03070productId=7. Last accessed 10/03/2013. 2. Dr. Ronghui Liu (2005). Dracula manual. ITS,LEEDS: Handouts. 1-147. How to cite Dracula Coursework, Papers

Apple Channel Strategy in Singapore free essay sample

Apple carefully accessed and selected two local distributors, whose objectives and strategies are inline with Apples overall image and objectives. Apart from that, these two distributors are also chosen because of their stable credit and financial capabilities to hold many of its products in their inventory during heavy selling season (E. g. IT Fairs) to assure timely availability. Moreover, their management abilities, wide market coverage as well as their well-known reputation in distributing other companies products in Singapore affirmed Apples choice of selecting them as Singapore Apple distributors. Apple Resellers Apple recognises the importance for its consumers to experience the tangible access of its products to facilitate learning and discovery in the retail stores hence, there is a need for Apple to have a high degree of control over its resellers. In order to have this high degree of control (in terms of formulation of the store design, merchandising, providing impeccable services and inventory of no competitors products), Apple has differentiated its resellers by creating the Apple Premium Reseller Program (APRP). Even though Apple Authorized Resellers (ARs) do not carry its full range of products, price consistency of all its roducts applies to all retailers. Using this channel structure, Apple has strong governance over its product pricing. This will help to prevent undermining of its products quality and competition between resellers is kept at the minimum. On the whole, the APRP is established to fulfil consumers satisfaction through maximizing communication, marketing initiatives and support within its resellers. Value Added- Resellers And to reduce the complexity of its current channel structure, it has branched out its mobile communication business (iPhone) to three other values added resellers namely Singtel, Starhub and MI . These telecommunication service providers were chosen over its current resellers because of their abilities to package and sell the iPhones with attractive data plans that would being convenience to consumers. Online iTune store Besides its traditional channel structure, it has also established an online store that sells and provides information of its products directly to customers. The company also sells digital content and applications through the iTunes Store. Value Added Partners Not forgetting, that its products would need servicing and maintaining, Apple has chosen seven value added partners whom are heir authorized service providers. Apple also runs a pretty tight control over its products ensuring that resellers would not over order and result in a high return rate. This helps to reduce high inventory cost for its resellers and ensured that return rates are low, mutually benefiting both parties. On the whole, Apple has a comprehensive and well-develop structure. PROBLEMS IN APPLE CHANNEL STRATEGY Lack of control over its ARS ed distribution channel Apple has done well in differentiating and gaining a tight control over its APRs. However, comparing to its APRs, there is a lacked of control over its ARs. Sales personnel in non-APRP might not have adequate knowledge and the competence as compared to those who were given intensive training in its APRP. On the whole, consumers who did not received the expected level of service at the non-APR stores will attribute the bad sale services and dissatisfaction to Apple and not to the non- APR stores. And this will ultimately reflect badly on Apple. Pricing Issues Apple has a tight control over its products pricing, leaving as little as only 3% of the profit margins for its resellers to gain from (Ian Fried, 2001). This clearly shows that Apple is at a disadvantage given the margin the ARS can obtain as compared to other brands (For e. g. Dell resellers can earn as high as 5% 10% for each Dell product sold). The ARS will then prefer to devote much effort to promote competitors product with higher margin profits instead of Apples. Acceptance of New Products Apple is a technology driven company, its constant innovation would mean constant release of new products. The success of the new products would depend on its resellers willingness to carry it. Factors that come into play on retailers willingness to arry the new product would include profitability of the product and whether would it be easy to stock and display. Therefore, should resellers (especially the ARs) gather/ hear poor responses towards the new product, it is likely that they will not want to carry the new product. This will decrease Apple chances of selling it through the resellers, reducing the reach to more consumers. Possible Conflicts between Apple and Resellers Role Incongruities To become an Apple APR, it has to follow the strict policies stated in the legal contract before the partnership. Should any of the APRs deviate from its current role (For e. . not compiling with Apple intended store layout and try to change to its own layout), it would result in a conflict. Resource scarcity The main features of the Apple online store are free shipping, iPod engraving, guaranteed new stocks and the option for being able to customise his/her personal computer. These attractive features are great deals for many. However, with Singapore having a small pool of consumers, setting up the online store would mean snatching away potential customers from the resellers. Not only that, there has been an increase in number of resellers here in Singapore. Resellers would ultimately be unhappy over the increase in competition thus, conflicts will sure to arise. Goal Incompatibilities Apple would want its channel members to sell as many of its products as possible. However, should a competitors product be more popular, its ARS would naturally try to sell more of the competitor product in order to increase its sale than to sell Apple products. RECOMMENDATIONS The consumer electronics industry is getting more and more competitive each day. The need to find a sustainable advantage is very crucial so as to maintain competitiveness in this industry. Therefore, having a strong relationship with its channel members is one way a firm can gain a competitive advantage over its competitors. Hence, Apple channel managers, have to constantly weigh any margin differentials between their own and competitive brands, in terms of what kind of support their firms offer and what level of support they expect from channel members. Apple can support and motivate its channel members to sell more of its products by offering monetary benefits, such as giving a commission payout to the highest earning AR. This will help to promote healthy competition and sales ersonnel will be keener in selling Apple products. Not forgetting that an impeccable service would help to enhance customers experiences in the store. Thus, there is a need to standardize and improve its service quality throughout the entire channel distribution. To do this, Apple can send mystery shoppers on a regular basis to gather feedback on its sales personnel services especially from the ARS in which it has a lack of control. In this way, Apple can personally advise or provide special training programs for sales personnel who are lacking in this area. This will help to standardize services provided across the channel. Constant innovation and producing new products has helped Apple to gain a competitive advantage. This being the case, the need to educate its channel members about its new products would also help to increase the acceptance of new products. Although Apple is always quick to provide its resellers information on its new products but its not enough to convince them to carry the new products. Thus, Apple can provide extra training sessions to teach its resellers about the unique attributes of the new product and equip them the necessary skills to sell the product. However, it would be well worth the effort for Apple to investigate the possible ducational requirements for the new products as the new products are being developed. In this way, it will enable a well thought out training program that will engage sales people interest. Besides that, Apple can eliminate its resellers fear of not being able to sell the new product by offering unrestricted return of the product. Apple can help to provide financial support in a move to motivate its resellers. Furthermore, to reduce conflicts in it channel, Apple can implement its build to order purchasing experience in its Singapore APRs. This will entice consumers to purchase from the stores, guaranteeing sales for the APRs. Hence, this helps to achieve mutual benefits for both parties. Capping a number of resellers to be set up in Singapore would also help to reduce unhappiness about the increasing competition. Such developments will help to strengthen its channel member relationship. To improve its overall channel distribution, Apple is also advised to carry out regular channel audits to help minimise conflicts and solve all channel problems amicably. IMPLICATIONS Apple focuses a lot on product and promotions, but it must never forget its channels members who help to bring in sales. Without its Singapore counter parts, it will be ard for Apple alone to tap into this market. The recommendations suggested above will no doubt increase in cost (in terms of providing extra trainings, hiring of mystery shoppers, conduct regular channel audits as well as monetary benefits given to its channel members) but this will helped to strengthen its relationship with its channel members in the long run. Extra effort is also needed from all parties, especially much more from Apples to maintain healthy relationships between its channel partners. All in all, all parties will stand to gain from efforts made from both sides. A greater nderstanding between each channel members will help to reduce conflicts in the long run as well. CONCLUSION Apple has done well in all aspects of its marketing mix. Its well-developed distribution channel has allowed Apple to build its brand successfully here in Singapore. Apples choice of a highly selective multi channel distribution has protected its Singapore channel members sales. Its structure alliance with its channel members has also helped to reduce task and organizational complexity. The most important thing in managing its relationships with its channel members is to address their needs and to find ways to motivate them. In this way, Apple will further gain an upper hand in having a tighter control over its members